steady_axisym_advection_diffusion_elements.h

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// LIC// ====================================================================
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// LIC// multi-physics finite-element library, available
// LIC// at http://www.oomph-lib.org.
// LIC//
// LIC// Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Matthias Heil and Andrew Hazel
// LIC//
// LIC// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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// LIC// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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// LIC// Lesser General Public License for more details.
// LIC//
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// LIC//
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// LIC//====================================================================
// Header file for Steady axisymmetric advection diffusion elements
#ifndef OOMPH_STEADY_AXISYM_ADV_DIFF_ELEMENTS_HEADER
#define OOMPH_STEADY_AXISYM_ADV_DIFF_ELEMENTS_HEADER
 
 
// Config header generated by autoconfig
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <oomph-lib-config.h>
#endif
 
// OOMPH-LIB headers
#include "../generic/nodes.h"
#include "../generic/Qelements.h"
#include "../generic/refineable_elements.h"
#include "../generic/oomph_utilities.h"
 
namespace oomph
{
  //=============================================================
  //=============================================================
  class SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations : public virtual FiniteElement
  {
  public:
    typedef void (*SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionSourceFctPt)(
      const Vector<double>& x, double& f);
 
 
    typedef void (*SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionWindFctPt)(
      const Vector<double>& x, Vector<double>& wind);
 
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations() : Source_fct_pt(0), Wind_fct_pt(0)
    {
      // Set pointer to Peclet number to the default value zero
      Pe_pt = &Default_peclet_number;
    }
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations(
      const SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations& dummy) = delete;
 
    // Commented out broken assignment operator because this can lead to a
    // conflict warning when used in the virtual inheritence hierarchy.
    // Essentially the compiler doesn't realise that two separate
    // implementations of the broken function are the same and so, quite
    // rightly, it shouts.
    /*void operator=(const SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations&) =
      delete;*/
 
    virtual inline unsigned u_index_axisym_adv_diff() const
    {
      return 0;
    }
 
    void output(std::ostream& outfile)
    {
      unsigned nplot = 5;
      output(outfile, nplot);
    }
 
    void output(std::ostream& outfile, const unsigned& nplot);
 
 
    void output(FILE* file_pt)
    {
      unsigned n_plot = 5;
      output(file_pt, n_plot);
    }
 
    void output(FILE* file_pt, const unsigned& n_plot);
 
 
    void output_fct(std::ostream& outfile,
                    const unsigned& nplot,
                    FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt);
 
    void compute_error(std::ostream& outfile,
                       FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt,
                       double& error,
                       double& norm);
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionSourceFctPt& source_fct_pt()
    {
      return Source_fct_pt;
    }
 
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionSourceFctPt source_fct_pt() const
    {
      return Source_fct_pt;
    }
 
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionWindFctPt& wind_fct_pt()
    {
      return Wind_fct_pt;
    }
 
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionWindFctPt wind_fct_pt() const
    {
      return Wind_fct_pt;
    }
 
    // Access functions for the physical constants
 
    const double& pe() const
    {
      return *Pe_pt;
    }
 
    double*& pe_pt()
    {
      return Pe_pt;
    }
 
    inline virtual void get_source_axisym_adv_diff(const unsigned& ipt,
                                                   const Vector<double>& x,
                                                   double& source) const
    {
      // If no source function has been set, return zero
      if (Source_fct_pt == 0)
      {
        source = 0.0;
      }
      else
      {
        // Get source strength
        (*Source_fct_pt)(x, source);
      }
    }
 
    inline virtual void get_wind_axisym_adv_diff(const unsigned& ipt,
                                                 const Vector<double>& s,
                                                 const Vector<double>& x,
                                                 Vector<double>& wind) const
    {
      // If no wind function has been set, return zero
      if (Wind_fct_pt == 0)
      {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        {
          wind[i] = 0.0;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        // Get wind
        (*Wind_fct_pt)(x, wind);
      }
    }
 
    void get_flux(const Vector<double>& s, Vector<double>& flux) const
    {
      // Find out how many nodes there are in the element
      unsigned n_node = nnode();
 
      // Get the nodal index at which the unknown is stored
      unsigned u_nodal_index = u_index_axisym_adv_diff();
 
      // Set up memory for the shape and test functions
      Shape psi(n_node);
      DShape dpsidx(n_node, 2);
 
      // Call the derivatives of the shape and test functions
      dshape_eulerian(s, psi, dpsidx);
 
      // Initialise to zero
      for (unsigned j = 0; j < 2; j++)
      {
        flux[j] = 0.0;
      }
 
      // Loop over nodes
      for (unsigned l = 0; l < n_node; l++)
      {
        // Loop over derivative directions
        for (unsigned j = 0; j < 2; j++)
        {
          flux[j] += nodal_value(l, u_nodal_index) * dpsidx(l, j);
        }
      }
    }
 
 
    void fill_in_contribution_to_residuals(Vector<double>& residuals)
    {
      // Call the generic residuals function with flag set to 0 and using
      // a dummy matrix
      fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff(
        residuals,
        GeneralisedElement::Dummy_matrix,
        GeneralisedElement::Dummy_matrix,
        0);
    }
 
 
    void fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian(Vector<double>& residuals,
                                          DenseMatrix<double>& jacobian)
    {
      // Call the generic routine with the flag set to 1
      fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff(
        residuals, jacobian, GeneralisedElement::Dummy_matrix, 1);
    }
 
 
    inline double interpolated_u_adv_diff(const Vector<double>& s) const
    {
      // Find number of nodes
      unsigned n_node = nnode();
 
      // Get the nodal index at which the unknown is stored
      unsigned u_nodal_index = u_index_axisym_adv_diff();
 
      // Local shape function
      Shape psi(n_node);
 
      // Find values of shape function
      shape(s, psi);
 
      // Initialise value of u
      double interpolated_u = 0.0;
 
      // Loop over the local nodes and sum
      for (unsigned l = 0; l < n_node; l++)
      {
        interpolated_u += nodal_value(l, u_nodal_index) * psi[l];
      }
 
      return (interpolated_u);
    }
 
 
    virtual void dinterpolated_u_adv_diff_ddata(
      const Vector<double>& s,
      Vector<double>& du_ddata,
      Vector<unsigned>& global_eqn_number)
    {
      // Find number of nodes
      const unsigned n_node = nnode();
 
      // Get the nodal index at which the unknown is stored
      const unsigned u_nodal_index = u_index_axisym_adv_diff();
 
      // Local shape function
      Shape psi(n_node);
 
      // Find values of shape function
      shape(s, psi);
 
      // Find the number of dofs associated with interpolated u
      unsigned n_u_dof = 0;
      for (unsigned l = 0; l < n_node; l++)
      {
        int global_eqn = this->node_pt(l)->eqn_number(u_nodal_index);
        // If it's positive add to the count
        if (global_eqn >= 0)
        {
          ++n_u_dof;
        }
      }
 
      // Now resize the storage schemes
      du_ddata.resize(n_u_dof, 0.0);
      global_eqn_number.resize(n_u_dof, 0);
 
      // Loop over the nodes again and set the derivatives
      unsigned count = 0;
      for (unsigned l = 0; l < n_node; l++)
      {
        // Get the global equation number
        int global_eqn = this->node_pt(l)->eqn_number(u_nodal_index);
        // If it's positive
        if (global_eqn >= 0)
        {
          // Set the global equation number
          global_eqn_number[count] = global_eqn;
          // Set the derivative with respect to the unknown
          du_ddata[count] = psi[l];
          // Increase the counter
          ++count;
        }
      }
    }
 
 
    unsigned self_test();
 
  protected:
    virtual double dshape_and_dtest_eulerian_adv_diff(
      const Vector<double>& s,
      Shape& psi,
      DShape& dpsidx,
      Shape& test,
      DShape& dtestdx) const = 0;
 
    virtual double dshape_and_dtest_eulerian_at_knot_adv_diff(
      const unsigned& ipt,
      Shape& psi,
      DShape& dpsidx,
      Shape& test,
      DShape& dtestdx) const = 0;
 
    virtual void fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff(
      Vector<double>& residuals,
      DenseMatrix<double>& jacobian,
      DenseMatrix<double>& mass_matrix,
      unsigned flag);
 
    // Physical constants
 
    double* Pe_pt;
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionSourceFctPt Source_fct_pt;
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionWindFctPt Wind_fct_pt;
 
  private:
    static double Default_peclet_number;
 
 
  }; // End class SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations
 
 
 
 
  //======================================================================
  //======================================================================
  template<unsigned NNODE_1D>
  class QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement
    : public virtual QElement<2, NNODE_1D>,
      public virtual SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations
  {
  private:
    static const unsigned Initial_Nvalue;
 
  public:
    QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement()
      : QElement<2, NNODE_1D>(), SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations()
    {
    }
 
    QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement(
      const QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement<NNODE_1D>& dummy) = delete;
 
    /*void operator=(const QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement<NNODE_1D>&) =
      delete;*/
 
    inline unsigned required_nvalue(const unsigned& n) const
    {
      return Initial_Nvalue;
    }
 
    void output(std::ostream& outfile)
    {
      SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations::output(outfile);
    }
 
    void output(std::ostream& outfile, const unsigned& n_plot)
    {
      SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations::output(outfile, n_plot);
    }
 
 
    void output(FILE* file_pt)
    {
      SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations::output(file_pt);
    }
 
    void output(FILE* file_pt, const unsigned& n_plot)
    {
      SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations::output(file_pt, n_plot);
    }
 
    void output_fct(std::ostream& outfile,
                    const unsigned& n_plot,
                    FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt)
    {
      SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations::output_fct(
        outfile, n_plot, exact_soln_pt);
    }
 
 
  protected:
    inline double dshape_and_dtest_eulerian_adv_diff(const Vector<double>& s,
                                                     Shape& psi,
                                                     DShape& dpsidx,
                                                     Shape& test,
                                                     DShape& dtestdx) const;
 
    inline double dshape_and_dtest_eulerian_at_knot_adv_diff(
      const unsigned& ipt,
      Shape& psi,
      DShape& dpsidx,
      Shape& test,
      DShape& dtestdx) const;
 
  }; // End class QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement
 
  // Inline functions:
 
  //======================================================================
  //======================================================================
 
  template<unsigned NNODE_1D>
  double QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement<
    NNODE_1D>::dshape_and_dtest_eulerian_adv_diff(const Vector<double>& s,
                                                  Shape& psi,
                                                  DShape& dpsidx,
                                                  Shape& test,
                                                  DShape& dtestdx) const
  {
    // Call the geometrical shape functions and derivatives
    double J = this->dshape_eulerian(s, psi, dpsidx);
 
    // Loop over the test functions and derivatives and set them equal to the
    // shape functions
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NNODE_1D; i++)
    {
      test[i] = psi[i];
      for (unsigned j = 0; j < 2; j++)
      {
        dtestdx(i, j) = dpsidx(i, j);
      }
    }
 
    // Return the jacobian
    return J;
  }
 
 
  //======================================================================
  //======================================================================
 
  template<unsigned NNODE_1D>
  double QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement<
    NNODE_1D>::dshape_and_dtest_eulerian_at_knot_adv_diff(const unsigned& ipt,
                                                          Shape& psi,
                                                          DShape& dpsidx,
                                                          Shape& test,
                                                          DShape& dtestdx) const
  {
    // Call the geometrical shape functions and derivatives
    double J = this->dshape_eulerian_at_knot(ipt, psi, dpsidx);
 
    // Set the test functions equal to the shape functions (pointer copy)
    test = psi;
    dtestdx = dpsidx;
 
    // Return the jacobian
    return J;
  }
 
 
  template<unsigned NNODE_1D>
  class FaceGeometry<QSteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionElement<NNODE_1D>>
    : public virtual QElement<1, NNODE_1D>
  {
  public:
    FaceGeometry() : QElement<1, NNODE_1D>() {}
  };
 
 
 
  //======================================================================
  //======================================================================
  template<class ELEMENT>
  class SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement
    : public virtual FaceGeometry<ELEMENT>,
      public virtual FaceElement
  {
  public:
    typedef void (*SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionPrescribedBetaFctPt)(
      const Vector<double>& x, double& beta);
 
    typedef void (*SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionPrescribedAlphaFctPt)(
      const Vector<double>& x, double& alpha);
 
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement(FiniteElement* const& bulk_el_pt,
                                              const int& face_index);
 
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement()
    {
      throw OomphLibError("Don't call empty constructor for "
                          "SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement",
                          OOMPH_CURRENT_FUNCTION,
                          OOMPH_EXCEPTION_LOCATION);
    }
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement(
      const SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement& dummy) = delete;
 
    /*void operator=(const SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement&) =
      delete;*/
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionPrescribedBetaFctPt& beta_fct_pt()
    {
      return Beta_fct_pt;
    }
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionPrescribedAlphaFctPt& alpha_fct_pt()
    {
      return Alpha_fct_pt;
    }
 
 
    inline void fill_in_contribution_to_residuals(Vector<double>& residuals)
    {
      // Call the generic residuals function with flag set to 0
      // using a dummy matrix
      fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff_flux(
        residuals, GeneralisedElement::Dummy_matrix, 0);
    }
 
 
    inline void fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian(Vector<double>& residuals,
                                                 DenseMatrix<double>& jacobian)
    {
      // Call the generic routine with the flag set to 1
      fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff_flux(
        residuals, jacobian, 1);
    }
 
 
    double zeta_nodal(const unsigned& n,
                      const unsigned& k,
                      const unsigned& i) const
    {
      return FaceElement::zeta_nodal(n, k, i);
    }
 
 
    void output(std::ostream& outfile)
    {
      FiniteElement::output(outfile);
    }
 
    void output(std::ostream& outfile, const unsigned& nplot)
    {
      FiniteElement::output(outfile, nplot);
    }
 
 
  protected:
    inline double shape_and_test(const Vector<double>& s,
                                 Shape& psi,
                                 Shape& test) const
    {
      // Find number of nodes
      unsigned n_node = nnode();
 
      // Get the shape functions
      shape(s, psi);
 
      // Set the test functions to be the same as the shape functions
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_node; i++)
      {
        test[i] = psi[i];
      }
 
      // Return the value of the jacobian
      return J_eulerian(s);
    }
 
 
    inline double shape_and_test_at_knot(const unsigned& ipt,
                                         Shape& psi,
                                         Shape& test) const
    {
      // Find number of nodes
      unsigned n_node = nnode();
 
      // Get the shape functions
      shape_at_knot(ipt, psi);
 
      // Set the test functions to be the same as the shape functions
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_node; i++)
      {
        test[i] = psi[i];
      }
 
      // Return the value of the jacobian
      return J_eulerian_at_knot(ipt);
    }
 
    void get_beta(const Vector<double>& x, double& beta)
    {
      // If the function pointer is zero return zero
      if (Beta_fct_pt == 0)
      {
        beta = 0.0;
      }
      // Otherwise call the function
      else
      {
        (*Beta_fct_pt)(x, beta);
      }
    }
 
    void get_alpha(const Vector<double>& x, double& alpha)
    {
      // If the function pointer is zero return zero
      if (Alpha_fct_pt == 0)
      {
        alpha = 0.0;
      }
      // Otherwise call the function
      else
      {
        (*Alpha_fct_pt)(x, alpha);
      }
    }
 
  private:
    void fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff_flux(
      Vector<double>& residuals, DenseMatrix<double>& jacobian, unsigned flag);
 
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionPrescribedBetaFctPt Beta_fct_pt;
 
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionPrescribedAlphaFctPt Alpha_fct_pt;
 
    unsigned U_index_adv_diff;
 
 
  }; // End class SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement
 
 
 
 
  //===========================================================================
  //===========================================================================
  template<class ELEMENT>
  SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement<ELEMENT>::
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement(FiniteElement* const& bulk_el_pt,
                                              const int& face_index)
    : FaceGeometry<ELEMENT>(), FaceElement()
 
  {
    // Let the bulk element build the FaceElement, i.e. setup the pointers
    // to its nodes (by referring to the appropriate nodes in the bulk
    // element), etc.
    bulk_el_pt->build_face_element(face_index, this);
 
 
#ifdef PARANOID
    {
      // Check that the element is not a refineable 3d element
      ELEMENT* elem_pt = dynamic_cast<ELEMENT*>(bulk_el_pt);
      // If it's three-d
      if (elem_pt->dim() == 3)
      {
        // Is it refineable
        RefineableElement* ref_el_pt =
          dynamic_cast<RefineableElement*>(elem_pt);
        if (ref_el_pt != 0)
        {
          if (this->has_hanging_nodes())
          {
            throw OomphLibError("This flux element will not work correctly if "
                                "nodes are hanging\n",
                                OOMPH_CURRENT_FUNCTION,
                                OOMPH_EXCEPTION_LOCATION);
          }
        }
      }
    }
#endif
 
    // Initialise the prescribed-beta function pointer to zero
    Beta_fct_pt = 0;
 
    // Set up U_index_adv_diff. Initialise to zero, which probably won't change
    // in most cases, oh well, the price we pay for generality
    U_index_adv_diff = 0;
 
    // Cast to the appropriate AdvectionDiffusionEquation so that we can
    // find the index at which the variable is stored
    // We assume that the dimension of the full problem is the same
    // as the dimension of the node, if this is not the case you will have
    // to write custom elements, sorry
    SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations* eqn_pt =
      dynamic_cast<SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations*>(bulk_el_pt);
 
    // If the cast has failed die
    if (eqn_pt == 0)
    {
      std::string error_string = "Bulk element must inherit from "
                                 "SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations.";
      error_string +=
        "Nodes are two dimensional, but cannot cast the bulk element to\n";
      error_string += "SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionEquations<2>\n.";
      error_string +=
        "If you desire this functionality, you must implement it yourself\n";
 
      throw OomphLibError(
        error_string, OOMPH_CURRENT_FUNCTION, OOMPH_EXCEPTION_LOCATION);
    }
    else
    {
      // Read the index from the (cast) bulk element.
      U_index_adv_diff = eqn_pt->u_index_axisym_adv_diff();
    }
  }
 
 
  //===========================================================================
  //===========================================================================
  template<class ELEMENT>
  void SteadyAxisymAdvectionDiffusionFluxElement<ELEMENT>::
    fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff_flux(
      Vector<double>& residuals, DenseMatrix<double>& jacobian, unsigned flag)
  {
    // Find out how many nodes there are
    const unsigned n_node = nnode();
 
    // Locally cache the index at which the variable is stored
    const unsigned u_index_axisym_adv_diff = U_index_adv_diff;
 
    // Set up memory for the shape and test functions
    Shape psif(n_node), testf(n_node);
 
    // Set the value of n_intpt
    const unsigned n_intpt = integral_pt()->nweight();
 
    // Set the Vector to hold local coordinates
    Vector<double> s(1);
 
    // Integers used to store the local equation number and local unknown
    // indices for the residuals and jacobians
    int local_eqn = 0, local_unknown = 0;
 
    // Loop over the integration points
    //--------------------------------
    for (unsigned ipt = 0; ipt < n_intpt; ipt++)
    {
      // Assign values of s
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < 1; i++)
      {
        s[i] = integral_pt()->knot(ipt, i);
      }
 
      // Get the integral weight
      double w = integral_pt()->weight(ipt);
 
      // Find the shape and test functions and return the Jacobian
      // of the mapping
      double J = shape_and_test(s, psif, testf);
 
      // Premultiply the weights and the Jacobian
      double W = w * J;
 
      // Calculate local values of the solution and its derivatives
      // Allocate
      double interpolated_u = 0.0;
      Vector<double> interpolated_x(2, 0.0);
 
      // Calculate position
      for (unsigned l = 0; l < n_node; l++)
      {
        // Get the value at the node
        double u_value = raw_nodal_value(l, u_index_axisym_adv_diff);
        interpolated_u += u_value * psif(l);
        // Loop over coordinate direction
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        {
          interpolated_x[i] += nodal_position(l, i) * psif(l);
        }
      }
 
      // Get the imposed beta (beta=flux when alpha=0.0)
      double beta;
      get_beta(interpolated_x, beta);
 
      // Get the imposed alpha
      double alpha;
      get_alpha(interpolated_x, alpha);
 
      // r is the first position component
      double r = interpolated_x[0];
 
      // Now add to the appropriate equations
 
      // Loop over the test functions
      for (unsigned l = 0; l < n_node; l++)
      {
        // Set the local equation number
        local_eqn = nodal_local_eqn(l, u_index_axisym_adv_diff);
        /*IF it's not a boundary condition*/
        if (local_eqn >= 0)
        {
          // Add the prescribed beta terms
          residuals[local_eqn] -=
            r * (beta - alpha * interpolated_u) * testf(l) * W;
 
          // Calculate the Jacobian
          //----------------------
          if ((flag) && (alpha != 0.0))
          {
            // Loop over the velocity shape functions again
            for (unsigned l2 = 0; l2 < n_node; l2++)
            {
              // Set the number of the unknown
              local_unknown = nodal_local_eqn(l2, u_index_axisym_adv_diff);
 
              // If at a non-zero degree of freedom add in the entry
              if (local_unknown >= 0)
              {
                jacobian(local_eqn, local_unknown) +=
                  r * alpha * psif[l2] * testf[l] * W;
              }
            }
          }
        }
      } // end loop over test functions
 
    } // end loop over integration points
 
  } // end fill_in_generic_residual_contribution_adv_diff_flux
 
 
} // namespace oomph
 
#endif